METHOD 1: X FORWARDING
- If you are off-campus, connect to the SFU VPN.
- ssh -Y your_sfu_computing_id@your-lab-workstation.foo.sfu.ca
- Run e.g.,
google-chrome.
Applications will not persist when you disconnect.
METHOD 2: VNC OVER SSH TUNNEL
Step #1: Fix Your Xstartup File
Make sure you fix your .vnc/xstartup file in your Linux server home directory. The one you used for CentOS will not work for Ubuntu. Here’s what we recommend as a bare minimum for the contents:
#!/bin/bash
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
mate-session &
If you are met with a grey screen instead of MATE Desktop, ensure your xstartup file is executable:
$ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
If you want to load some modules into your MATE session so that they will automatically be loaded in all shells, then use something akin to the following. This example is with the LANG/PYTHON/3.5.2-SYSTEM module:
#!/bin/bash
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
. /etc/profile.d/modules_environment.sh
module load LANG/PYTHON/3.5.2-SYSTEM
mate-session &
NOTE: if you use VNC to connect to both CentOS and Ubuntu servers, then you’ll need to write some code into your xstartup file to autodetect the Linux distro and act accordingly.
Step #2: Set A VNC Password
Make sure you set a VNC password with the vncpasswd command.
Step #3: Start The VNC Server
ssh into the Ubuntu Linux server and type:
vncserver
It will start up the stuff in your .vnc/xstartup file and will respond with something like:
New 'X' desktop is myserver.mydomain.sfu.ca:n
where myserver.mydomain.sfu.ca is the server’s hostname and n is the virtual desktop number. Remember this number. The tcp port number used by VNC will be 5900+n. You can now log out of the server. The vnc session will remain running, virtually forever, until the server gets rebooted or you ssh in and issue:
vncserver -kill :n
(where n is the virtual desktop number)
Step #4: Tunnel VNC Via SSH
NEVER connect directly to the VNC port! This is a security risk!
tightvnc, which is the default VNC packaged with Ubuntu 16, does not support encryption and therefore all packets sent over the internet without being tunneled via SSH are open to snooping. Although some VNC clients, such as RealVNC on Windows do support encryption, it won’t help if the server doesn’t!
In order to protect users from this risk, we firewall the VNC ports on Ubuntu servers. You therefore must tunnel the VNC ports via SSH.
(Those of you who used VNC with CentOS 6 servers might have avoided tunneling because the default VNC packaged with CentOS 6 is tigervnc, which does support encryption.)
SSH tunneling is easily done on the command-line of any Linux or Mac workstation.
On a Windows workstation, you can set up SSH tunneling via PuTTY, but we recommend MobaXterm because then the instructions are exactly the same as for Linux and Mac.
If your Windows workstation doesn’t have MobaXterm, you can download the home edition for free from:
http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download.html
On your client workstation or home computer, you’ll need to open 2 Linux shells, or 2 Mac Terminals or 2 MobaXterm windows. Choose an unused TCP port on your client workstation that you’d like to use to tunnel SSH to your VNC server on. Let’s say it’s 9999. Suppose that your VNC server’s hostname is “myserver.mydomain.sfu.ca” and that your username is “user”. In Terminal 1, type:
ssh -L 9999:myserver.mydomain.sfu.ca:22 user@rcga-linux-ts1.dc.sfu.ca
and log into rcga-linux-ts1. Now port 9999 on your client workstation or home computer talks to port 22 on your VNC server via our Linux Terminal Server. Let’s suppose that your VNC server is using virtual desktop number 4. That means that it’s listening on TCP port 5904. In Terminal 2, type:
ssh -L 5904:127.0.0.1:5904 -p 9999 user@127.0.0.1
and log into 127.0.0.1 (which is actually myserver.mydomain.sfu.ca.) This will tunnel port 5904 on your home computer or client workstation to port 5904 on your VNC server (through the port 9999 tunnel that you set up).
NOTE that you must tunnel via rcga-linux-ts1.dc.sfu.ca if you are off campus or on wireless, because direct SSH access to hosts on campus is in general blocked (and so are the VNC ports).
Step #5: Connect Your VNC Client To The Local End Of The Tunnel
Assuming your virtual desktop is 4, connect your VNC client to 127.0.0.1:4. This is the local end of the tunnel. Use your VNC password set in step #2. The data will be fully encrypted via ssh all the way to your VNC server.
Step #6: Kill Your VNC Server Sessions When You’re Done With Them
Please kill your old vncserver sessions with vncserver -kill :n when you are done with them. Don’t just start new ones! (We’ve seen some users with dozens of vnc sessions running on the same server! You only need one!)
If you’re not sure, take a look at the process table with ps -ef | grep -i vnc.